Kouzes Posner Model Essays

Kouzes Posner Model Essays Kouzes Posner Model Essay Kouzes Posner Model Essay The events of that day served as fuel for me to continue my education into leadership and learn to be the best leader I could possibly be, while never failing my followers as my Captain did hat day. In the day to day operations of an organization, nothing can have a more profound effect than the quality of leadership Implemented daily. This Is why successful leaders around the world believe In and lead with the Souses Poster model of leadership. In 1 983 Jim Souses and Barry Poster began a research project on the study of leadership. They wanted to survey leaders throughout the world to find out what actions these leaders took that brought them success. They wanted to hear the very best leadership stories these leaders could remember when asked to tell about them.. These leaders surveyed were from all walks of life, some were first line supervisors, others were top level Coos, and some were mid level management. Souses and Poster surveyed literally thousands of leaders over a number of years and they were able to identify that when leaders were doing their best work they all had several common factors working for them. When these leaders were doing their very best they were practicing what Souses and Poster came to call the Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership (p. 1 3). These practices can be used by anyone who wants to be a leader and If used properly these practices can alp a leader be successful and foster great Improvement within their organization. Position 3 The five practices identified by Souses and Poster are : * Model the Way * Inspire a Shared Vision * Challenge the Process * Enable Others to Act * Encourage the Heart Model the Way Is In essence setting a good example. As a leader one must always strive to set a positive example for followers. If a leader does one thing but says another this will result In a lack of respect, or a lack of trust and belief In the leader. Leaders need to lead from the heart, staying true to their values and the values they espouse for the organization. Once values are stated they need to be supported by ten leaders octagons. Inspire a snare Villous Is when ten leader AT ten organization visualizes great things and truly believes they can become reality. Having a vision, or a destination of the future for the organization is something a visionary leader cultivates among his followers. To be successful with this the followers need to believe in the leader. They need to believe the leader wants to include them in the vision. If there is no buy in from the followers the Journey towards the future will not happen as a group. Challenge the Process is saying no to the status quo. Leadership is about change and the willpower, drive, and willingness to accept a challenge. The best leaders surround themselves with individuals who have new ideas, want to improve the operations, and are not afraid to venture out and try something new. Enable Others to Act is the process in which leaders give away power to others and let them do great things. Anyone can have a good idea and a good leader should always be ready to listen to what even the least senior person has to say. Position 4 Teamwork and empowering others within an organization is one of the best tactics used by successful leaders. Encourage the Heart is the acts taken by a leader to show followers how important they are and how much they are appreciated by the leader. Small acts of friendship and kindness can ago long way towards energize an employee that has become exhausted or burnt out. When the leader takes the opportunity to show the employee how important they are it helps fuel their moral level and they recognize they are a needed asset to the company. Many organizations have an award or recognition process to let employees know how important their contributions are. The Souses Poster model of leadership is one eased on extensive research.

The Tiger on the mountain

The Tiger on the mountain "Mom, you said last time was the last time" "But I thought you liked it" "Mom, you go to a boot camp and see if you like it!" I was begging my mom to let me stay home from the survival hike to the Odae Mountain in Korea. I dreaded going because of the insane guide that led the expedition, his name was Mr. Kim. He demanded his students to refer to him as 'sir', and if we didn't, we were punished. Among the slaves, we refer to him as the Bengal Tiger.He was straight out of my nightmares. He was virtually indestructible. I was convinced that he had three sets of eyes that never blinked. He always knew everything we were up to all the time. If I stopped for even a second, I would hear his roar.He was the kind of guy that inspired fear and demanded respect.Klausen Pass (el. 1948 m.) is a high mountain pass...One look at his muscular body and his snow-white hair made me feel like an ant on a picnic blanket. He was apparently in his 60's but he could have fooled anyone. He was strong as a t iger.It was not really a boot camp, but it was in a way, since he yelled like it was a cussing competition. I do not think I could even remember half of the horrors we went through. It would be impossible for me to recall all of the times that he made me feel useless. I spent countless nights clutching my sheets in fear of what the next day would hold.When I was very young, my mother decided that I needed to experience the world and all it had to offer. What she did not know was that she was sending her defenseless 9-year-old child out into the...

An Amplified Terms of Reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An Amplified Terms of Reference - Essay Example The paper evaluates the views in three articles to determine the probable choice for a small private physician. The articles cover the benefits and the challenges facing the implementation of EHRs. Key points covered include the probability of quality healthcare, and patients’ privacy. Evaluation of the articles results reveal that implementation of medical health records would be advantageous to a private physician. 1. Background, Sponsor and Problem AT& T organization is a very busy public hospital whose main business is to offer orthopedic services. Due to the large number of customers visiting the hospital every day, the medical records for all the patients continue to pile, considering that the same medical information is being filed manually. Because of this, the Front Office Receptionist continues to have a hard time each day trying to manually open the different folders carrying patients’ the files. Being as hard as that, it implies that the delivery of the serv ices in the hospital does not occur in a satisfactory manner (Selg & Rihel, 2007). The problem of doing the service delivery manually in the hospital has had far-stretching effects to both the hospital and the clients. For the hospital, the slow service delivery has constantly jeopardized the customer relations aspect of the organization. This is because when a client visits the hospital and takes the whole day waiting for the staff to retrieve his or her files and go through the records, next time, he or she will opt to a different hospital. For the clients on the other hand, someone with a critical health condition may not be saved just because his or her medical records are lost. Therefore, the absence of efficient medical coding can worsen the conditions of the patient. The problem resulting from the absence of medical coding system in the hospital mainly affects the Front Office Receptionist. This is because the front office receptionist is the person who is responsible for the production of the medical information for the different clients getting into the hospital. There are a lot of consequences if the problem is ignored. By ignoring the problem, it is very likely that the service delivery in the hospital will continue to be slow. The amount of work for the front office receptionist will continue to increase, and become too much for him or her. This means that the receptionist will be straining each day, trying to serve all the clients. This is not healthy for the receptionist. The hospital will generate less than the expected income. This is because it will not serve the clients in a proper rate (Heerkens, 2002). Voice of the Customer Analysis or Market Analysis is also evident as far as this problem is concerned. With the absence of the medical coding equipment in the hospital, the customers continue to complain that they do not receive the services in a satisfactory manner. Some complain that their records occasionally get lost. Others say that they have to queue for long hours before they can be attended to, while other still complain of their medical documents which have been torn or soiled. 2. Practical Outcomes for Client The research method used is the analysis of some case article evaluating the health sector in the United States. EHRs method of storing patient information will assist the medical institutions enhance their control over the revenue. Revenue enables organizations

Video Production Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Video Production - Essay Example I choose to live and to Lie, kill and give and to Die, learn and love and to Do what it takes to step through. The bridge of the song, where it takes an uplifting, wanted change of rhythms to change the feel of the song for a fleeting moment, before starting of the solo guitar riff 4:06 - 5:04 No Lyrics Progressive increase in drumming frequency, and guitar rhythm tempo, to the point of climax where there are a couple of guitar rhythms with a combination of effects mixed in stereo Chorus 5:04 - 6:00 See my shadow changing, Stretching up and over me. Soften this old armor. Hoping I can clear the way By stepping through my shadow, Coming out the other side. Step into the shadow. Forty six and two are just ahead of me The last chorus of the song with heightened beats, rhythms, strong emotional ending, with voice fading away, and a couple of guitar / drum death impulses Project 1: Section A: Q 2. Genre: Serious, abstract, psychedelic Plot Idea: The lyrics of the song constantly refer to 46 & 2, which is an indirect reference to the Jungian theory that there are three different types of human beings that perceive reality differently, having different chromosome compositions. One with the '42 & 2' composition are connected to a single consciousness and are present in the backward aboriginal people. Our level is of 44 & 2 chromosomes and we are the stepping stone intermediary of a new evolutionary stage in the future of 46 & 2, when we will reach a new level of consciousness. My plot tells the story of how a cave man finds a fire (enlightenment) and walks through it to an evolutionary second step into his future (the present), and then goes through another stage of painful catharsis and change, and finally enters the future as the new evolved human being... My plot tells the story of how a cave man finds a fire (enlightenment) and walks through it to an evolutionary second step into his future (the present), and then goes through another stage of painful catharsis and change, and finally enters the future as the new evolved human being with new a creative and intellectual strength, and will power. It makes use of an abstract theme to portray the psychedelic nature of the rock song, 'the shadow' from the lyrics playing an integral part in the video taking the man through his various stages and selves, teaching and testing him and rewarding him with supernatural powers at the end. Plot: A cave man, finds a fire in the woods at a distance, goes towards it. The fire keeps on behaving erratically, like making different shapes, like a human brain, his DNA structure, sparks traveling through it like they travel in the human brain. The man is bedazzled and afraid. The man's shadow, on coming near the flame, behaves strangely and instead of going away from the light travels towards it reaching out & touching the flame. The flame then turns into a portal, a form of a mirror into the future, which in this case is our present.

Transportation Paper Essay Example for Free

Transportation Paper Essay Every time I go to watch a television I always heard a lot of news about traffic congestion or traffic accidents. Especially when I go to watch foreign channels, most of the time the news was about traffic incidents or super heavy traffic. But there’s a lot of difference about the transportation in the US to other countries. For example in the Philippines, it is common on their everyday lives to have the situation like this as they go out on their house they are expecting for a heavy traffic on their way. But in the US it is not common. I mean not all the time traffic is present in the US. There is only traffic if there’s a special event or sometimes because of the unpredictable accident happened in the road. Some places in the Philippines have always traffic not because of special events or unpredictable accident but because of the road itself. For example some roads in the Philippines were not well constructed and so it causes heavy traffic sometimes a great accident. While in the US road is not a problem, actually all roads are well-constructed, full cement and straight roads. So it can’t cause any harm to the travelers or to any cars as well. But still even though the roads in the US were like these, it seems accident still present and problem to Americans. It’s not only about the traffic congestion in the countries; there are still a lot of problems. Some of these were the form of transportation itself. One of the biggest factors of transportation is the number of cars in a given place. Another great factors are the following way, street or any kind of thoroughfares. A certain hi-way can accommodate a certain number of cars. For example there’s a hi-way that can accommodate only 300,000-400,000 cars a day. But every time there’s a special event people were full blast, for example if they want to have a vacation, an outing or any private family activities they prefer. And so with these matter roads can’t accommodate that number of cars and so traffic congestion occurs. In the US there’s no big problem compare to the Philippines. It is because roads in US were so big and wide that can accommodate a large number of cars there or maybe I can say almost half the numbers of cars there. Compare to the Philippines, roads can accommodate only a very limited number of cars a day and so traffic congestion occurs regularly. Another big factor in the transportation is the discipline of the cars drivers or owner. Those drivers and owner of a car in the US were as discipline as they could. You can see it on news or maybe in some newspapers. And we can observe this also on our everyday lives. You can see that if there’s problem or traffic congestion in US, you can observe that cars were on their proper line. They do obey roads and traffic rules or something like that. While in the Philippines if we will go to observe the process of their transportation, especially with this kind of problem. You will see that most of the drivers don’t have a discipline. If there’s traffic accident or traffic congestion, cars are not on their proper position or lines. Some are going this way some on that way. One thing is important for all the drivers and for some aspiring drivers in US or in the Philippines. Discipline is what I’m talking about. Discipline is the most important thing to have for all the drivers. After this is the skill you have in driving. Of course it’s still important. Discipline in driving won’t work without the ability to drive. Followed by of course honesty in following rules and regulations in the roads. Some road rules or traffic rules or something like that. Whatever it is, drivers need to obey this. Without all these solution we still can’t prevent traffic congestion or something like these.   Another thing for all the drivers in the Philippines don’t forget to be careful in your driving. One day I heard news about this problem about driving after being drunk. It causes a lot of problem on that given place. Not only for the driver himself but more to others. And so accident is more prone to that kind of place because drivers don’t took any care on their driving. In the same matter I don’t hear a lot of things or problem like this in the US. Well maybe I think maybe it’s because many people in the US were so busy and no time for some parties or something like this. But even with this situation in the US still be aware Americans not to happen this in the US. Well for your own sake and for others as well. Well to summarize all on this essay maybe we can now prevent traffic congestions on our own country. US, Philippines or what country are you. Of course first we need to be discipline. Also we need to be skillful in this kind of Profession-driving. We need to obey rules and regulations in the road. And of course we need to be honest in that matter. And lastly we need to be very careful in our driving. and in addition to this we need to be responsible in our action. Works Cited â€Å"Traffic Congestion.† National Service Training Program.1st ed. 2003

The Fate of Food Essay -- Health, Unethical Methods, Chemicals

The Fate of Food The hidden methods used to produce the food we consume today are unethical. These methods include the usage of chemicals, and abuse of workers and animals. The process of producing food goes on everyday but as consumers, we are unaware of how it is done. A vast majority of Americans are not aware of the highly mechanized structure of the industrial food system. Determined to capitalize on profit and production, social responsibility and food safety has taken a backseat to the industrial food system. The three most significant problems of the industrial food system are animal cruelty, the lack of biodiversity, and the treatment of farm workers, and these problems can be resolved by creating more efficient food agencies, government subsidies for small organic farmers, and agencies that protect farmers’ rights). The industrial food system is the cause of animal cruelty because of factory farms. The treatment of farm animals is â€Å"barbaric† (Blatt 2008, 195). The procedure for raising farm animals is inhumane. Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) is a process of the industrial farming system that separates animals from their natural habitat and confines them into farmhouses with thousands of other livestock. (Walsh 2009) In modern factory farms, animals are crowded into dirty, windowless farmhouses and cramped in â€Å"wire cages†, and â€Å"gestation crates†. (Niman 2009, 101) Hogs for example are confined in these factory farms for twenty-four hours a day. This raises a lot of issues because these animals will never have the chance to raise their families, enjoy free-range, or roam in grassy fields. Newborn piglets are separated from their mothers. The animals are deprived of access to fresh air and are fed through ... ...d health. I propose the creation of the Farm Workers’ Labor Protection Agency (FWLPA). Through the FWLPA, farmworkers can address their concerns without fear of being fired or deported. The FWLPA will work with OSHA to apply its safety standards to individual farms. Farmers prior to being hired will be taught safety standards and ESL classes will be provided twice a week to immigrant farmers who do not speak English. Workers’ compensation, living conditions, and wages will be respected as part of the FWLPA’s standards which will include a $10 dollar starting pay, and overtime pay. Industrial farm workers face dangerous work conditions and should be rewarded accordingly. With the creation of new and efficient agencies, the industrial food system in the United States will lower health issues, protect animals and workers’ rights, and develop a sustainable strategy.

NUR 403 Joy Travelbee Essay

Introduction Joyce Travelbee was born in 1926 and is well known for her contribution and work as a nursing theorist. In 1956 earned her degree as a Bachelor in Nursing from Louisiana State University, later in 1959 received the degree of Master in Science at Yale University. During most of her carrier she dealt with psychiatric nursing and also education. Died tragically while trying to obtain her PhD degree in 1973. Key Points of her Theory There are some main or mayor concepts on this theory defined by Joyce Travelbee to assist nurse to understand the model nursing, hope, meaning, suffering, communication, and self-therapy. Existentialism and Logotherapy are important in this theory, Existentialism states that humans remain constantly under the influence of choices that creates conflicts and are responsible for the results of those choices they made. Logotherapy is also a concept on this theory based on the assumption that emotional stability is best protected by meaningful fulfillment in life, it focuses on the future. Health is another concept included in this theory is describe as an equilibrium of every person physically, emotionally and spiritually in relation with the environment where the loss of this equilibrium bring an uneasy feeling called suffering. Historical Background The historical surrounding of this theorist was the calamities and human suffering during and after War World Two and the bases for her theory, philosophy and model are on Soren Kierkegaard’s philosophy of existentialism and Viktor Frankl’s Logotherapy. Existentialism stated that people are accountable for the choices they make in life and the repercussion on the people who make those choices. Logotherapy, was first proposed in Frankl’s book Man’s Searching for Meaning (1963), a type of psychotherapy that include the idea that fulfillment is the greatest protection against emotional instability. This was part of idea proposed by a Jewish prisoner of the Auschwitz concentration camp who found meaning for his life in the midst of extreme suffering, this is described on his account of the experiences he had while working in the harsh conditions while in the concentration camp. Term Definition Applied to Nursing Practice Applied to Nursing Education Applied to Nursing Research Person Person is define as a Human being with physical, emotional and psychological component. Both the patient and the nurse are consider as a human being with its own uniqueness that allow to take in consideration when we are developing the nursing process taking care of the mind and the body too. As a nurse is important to develop the rapport between nurse student, educator and patient as a person and share each one experiences. A human being as a unique individual, in constant evolution and change. Important to define this with the new changes related with genetics. Health The physical, mental or psychological and spiritual balance in a person. By knowing the different components of health we can comprehend and target better factors that affect the individual and measure the health status by physical examination, laboratory test and assessment. The optimal equilibrium of the individual or person, state of well-being. Knowing the objective component of health give us the opportunity to research about diseases. Nursing Is a process establish between the nurse professional, the individual, family or community to assist with disease prevention, health promotion or coping with the illness finding a meaning in this conditions. Establish a better understanding of the nursing process where no only the patient is important but also the family and the community. Assist to target in the education process no only the patient direct but also family and the community to better fulfill our roles as educators. As researchers investigation should include all the persons involve in the nursing process. Environment As experiences we encountered during our life and the response to it as sufferings, pain, hope, and illness. Promotes nurses to get familiar with external factors that may impact the individual health stage that should be targeted during the nursing process. In the education process knowing the factor that may bring emotional instability will give us a proper tool to educate on how to deal with them. Nurse involvement in search how the external factors may affect the individual health References: Octaviano, E. F. & Balita, C. E. (2008). Theoretical Foundations of Nursing: The Philippine Perspective. Philippines: Ultimate Learning Series, 93-98. Tomey, A. M. & Alligood, M. R. (2002). Nursing Theorists and Their Work. 5th ed. Missouri: Mosby, 418-425.

Amy Tan’s ‘Two Kinds’ and Jamaica Kincaid’s ‘Girl’ Essay

A person spends most of their developing years under the guidance of their parents or guardians. They affect how we think, how we feel, and how we act. These are among the people who hold the greatest influence. Amy Tan’s ‘Two Kinds’ and Jamaica Kincaid’s ‘Girl’ both deal with the relationship between a young girl and the guiding force in her life. Amy Tan tells of a mother’s expectation for her daughter to be a child prodigy. Jamaica Kincaid tells of an unknown person describing to a girl how to be a ‘good’ girl. Both essays illustrate an authority figure that has expectations for a young female and why and how those expectations will come about. As young children growing up without a care in the world, we cannot comprehend why authority figures dictate how we should behave. In ‘Two Kinds’, the daughter is expected to be a child prodigy because her mother believes ‘you can be anything you want in Americaà ¢â‚¬â„¢. The mother sees other children with amazing talents and thinks her child could be just as talented, if not more so. She continually places pressure on her daughter to be some kind of prodigy. The daughter is expected to be a great beauty with unmatched dance abilities, an untapped wealth of useless information, and piano-playing skills like no other. In ‘Girl’, the expectations are much lower, but just as stringent. The girl is expected to do a myriad of chores and to become a ‘lady’. She is advised on how she should act and how she can avoid being a ‘slut’. In ‘Two Kinds’, the mother has high hopes; she believes a person can be anything they want in America and she wants a daughter who excels in some area. All of the mother’s hopes lay on the daughter. Her hopes are bolstered by stories about remarkable children with incredible talents. If they can succeed are such a young age, surely her child can as well. The mother wants her daughter to be the best she can be, but she has unrealistic expectations. The girl in Jamaica Kincaid’s essays is not being held to such high hopes and dreams. The expectations placed on her are not as high, but are equally unforgiving. Her authority figure wants her to be the perfect ‘traditional’ girl. She is expected to cook, clean, iron, and not assert her independence. Children, though, are naturally independent and free-willed. For the authority figures to have their way, the girls must be obedient. Obedience and denigration are the methods in which these expectations are supposed to met. In ‘Two Kinds’, the mother states, ‘Only one kind of daughter can live in this house–obedient daughter!’ The daughter does not want to live up to outside expectations, but she does not want to disappoint her mother; part of her feels obligated to be loyal. The mother compares the daughter to other children, which makes the daughter feel worthless. The mother talks about a three-year- old who knows the capital of all the states. She forces the daughter to watch television shows featuring talented youngsters. She implies her daughter is not as good as the other children. In ‘Girl’, the girl is given two choices – be a girl or be a slut. Essentially, she is being told what she must do; there is no room for debate. In between being told what to do, though, the authority figure also reminds her she could well be on her way to becoming a slut. In both essays, the girls come full circle. They both go through a period of being told what to be and what to do. Both girls resent the pressure and expectations put on them in their adolescence, but in the end, they choose paths that lead back to their beginnings. Amy Tan’s girl spends a good portion of her youth hating practicing piano. As an adult, she plays an entire piece of music and is marveled by the beauty of it. In some respects, she becomes the child her mother wanted. Jamaica Kincaid’s girl spends a good portion of her youth protesting the label of ‘slut’ placed upon her. In the conclusion, she becomes the kind of woman she swore she was not.

Carla Jones 11y set 1 Physics Investigation Essays

Carla Jones 11y set 1 Physics Investigation Essays Carla Jones 11y set 1 Physics Investigation Essay Carla Jones 11y set 1 Physics Investigation Essay Brief: A parachute manufacturer wants to find a suitable design for a parachute, which will let fragile scientific interments land safely. You must research and design ways of solving this problem. Having completed the practical you must make recommendations base d on your results.Factors that I could chose to investigate.There were many things that I could have chosen to investigate all of which I thought would make a difference to the fall, speed or landing of a parachute. These were :-* Surface area of the parachute,* Material used to make the parachute,* The Shape of the parachute,* The number of strings on the parachute,* The mass of the load attached to the parachute,* The weather conditions,* The height from which the parachute is dropped,* The surface the parachute and load land on and,* The length of the strings.* Surface area of the parachute.Basic informationBackground knowledge.Explanation of air resistance.An object that is falling through the atm osphere is subjected to two external forces. The first force is the gravitational force, which can be expressed as the weight of the object. In an equation for weight the weight can be defined as (W) which can be equal to the mass (m) of the object times the gravitational acceleration (g), (which is 9.8 meters per square second on the surface of the earth.)The gravitational acceleration decreases with the square of the distance from the centre of the earth. In the atmosphere, the motion of a falling object is opposed by the air resistance, or drag. The drag equation tells us that drag (D) is equal to a drag coefficient (Cd) times one half the air density (r) times the velocity (V) squared times a reference area (A) on which the drag coefficient is based.The motion of a falling object can be described by Newtons second law of motion, Force (F) = mass (m) times acceleration (a). Which can be written as (a = F / m). The external force is equal to the difference between the weight and t he drag forces (F = W D). The acceleration of the object then becomes a = (W D) / m . The drag force depends on the square of the velocity. So as the body accelerates its velocity (and the drag) will increase. It will reach a point where the drag is exactly equal to the weight. When drag is equal to weight, there is no net external force on the object, and the acceleration will become equal to zero. The object will then fall at a constant velocity. The constant velocity iscalled the terminal velocity.The following information was taken from a sky diving website and I have summarised the information give of the conditions they think best for skydiving. I think that it demonstrates how small changes could change the speed of the fall.Drag Co-efficient The best way to describe this is the thickness of the air. Wave your hand about in the air quickly not much resistance there. Now put your hand in a bathtub of water and try the same it is harder work. The water has a higher drag co- efficient than air. However, air does have a significant drag co-efficient too. Simply, the higher the drag, the slower speed things will fall at.Surface area: This is the main part on which drag takes place. The larger the surface area, the more drag is created, and the slower things will fall. E.g. Take a sheet of flat paper. Drop it, and watch it slowly fall. Now fold it in half twice and drop it again. Its the same paper, same weight, and same shape, just a smaller surface area you will notice how it falls faster. Larger surface area equatees to slower.Shape: Different shaped objects will to fall at different speeds. The basic rule is smooth rounded objects will fall faster than flat objects. Similarly, slower again we have shapes that cup or catch air.After looking at the options that are available to me and at the background information, I have decided to look at surface area for my investigation because I fell that this will give noticeable and reliable results and gaps betwe en the results collected.Prediction.I think that the larger the surface area of the parachute the longer it will take to fall a set distance. I think this because I know that as surface area increases so does friction, which will effect the speed at which the parachute will fall to the ground. I know that if you take a sheet of flat paper. Drop it, and watch it slowly fall. Now fold it in half twice and drop it again. Its the same paper, same weight, and same shape, just a smaller surface area you will notice how it falls faster. This happens because the surface area and therefore friction levels have been decreased as the paper was screwed up into a ball.ApparatusBlack bin bag cut into squares of the following areas500cm1000cm1500cm200cm2500cmWe used 50 cm of string tied op corners 100-500 sr 1200.851.02111 135 173free_ringtones_free_logos.comScisors selotapePen/pencil to mark black bin bag calculator.StringStop clock,Weight,Distance to drop parachute fromRulerDiagram. StringTape.B lack bin bag cut to required sizeMethod.Collect and set up all equipment as in diagrams above.

Work-life conflict The WritePass Journal

Work-life conflict Abstract Work-life conflict ). For instance, there are employees who are excessively obsessed with their workplace. This therefore limits the time for their family and social life (Rantanen, et al., 2011). This paper discusses the issue of work-life conflict, its common nature, the causes and consequences of the challenge, the psychological understanding of the challenge as well as key policy and legal consequences from the occurrence. Work-life Conflict As aforementioned, this conflict occurs as a result of an incompatibility of demands that work and family place on an individual (Messersmith, 2007). This conflict is bi-directional, meaning that it the productivity of employees at the workplace and also adversely impacts on the delivery of family responsibilities (Rantanen, et al., 2011). According to Robbins and Judge (2012), work-life conflict has two main components. One of these is the practical component that comprises of scheduling issues, where individuals cannot be in more than one place at a time. The other component is the stress that occurs as a result of overloading employees with many responsibilities (Robbins Judge, 2012). The issue of work-life conflict can be classified into several categories. These include role overload, family to work interference and work to family interference (Turner et al., 2014). Role overload is experienced when demands in terms of energy and time – both in their families and at the workplace – are too much for an employer to handle comfortably (Lapierre et al., 2012). Work to family interference occurs when workplace commitments make it challenging to fulfil family responsibilities. Family to work interference refers to the interference of family responsibilities with workplace productivity (ten Brummelhuis et al., 2010). Commonness of Work-life Conflict Even though the technological developments that have taken place within the past decade are expected to have made organisations more flexible in scheduling to reduce work-life conflict, this issue is still rampant in the United Kingdom. For instance, the maximum working hours per week in the UK are 48. However, as established by Crush (2011), there were more than four million Britons working for more 48 hours in 2011. It was also established that more than five million Britons work for an average of more than seven hours per week without payment. In a survey that was carried out by Robert Walters, a recruitment agency, it was found that approximately 30% of human resource professionals, lawyers and financial risk professionals work for more than 50 hours weekly (Crush, 2011). Even though it is impossible to estimate the commonness of all forms of work-life conflicts in the United Kingdom, the mentioned statistics indicate that this issue affects many companies. In terms of gender, Ly ness and Judiesch (2014) argue that women are faced with more work-life conflict issues as compared to men based on the fact that they typically have more family roles than their male counterparts. Causes of Work-life Conflict The different types of work-life conflicts have different causes. One of these is an overload of roles both at their workplaces and in their families, which may be too heavy and taxing to an employee. This makes it practically impossible for the employee to satisfy the role demands on either side of the conflict (Mkel Suutari, 2011). Whereas employers are responsible for overloads at the workplace in most cases, it may also be as a result of an increased ambition by employees, who may take up a lot of work-related responsibilities to achieve certain monetary goals or promotions (Yuile et al., 2012). Conflicts may also occur due to the interference of an individual’s work by family demands and responsibilities, where tasks emanating from the family infiltrate into the responsibilities that are demanded from the employee at the workplace (Yuile et al., 2012). This often happens to single parents who end up having so many responsibilities to their children such that it often lea ds to their arriving at work late or having to think more about their families while at work than they concentrate on their jobs. This may drain the employee’s energy, time and financial resources (Inman et al., 2014 ). Consequences of Work-life Conflict There are many effects that arise from work-life conflict, which all lead to reduced performances in both family and workplace responsibilities. Several researches that have been carried out on of work-life conflict have established that it has a negative impact on both physical and psychological health of individuals. For instance, McNamara et al., (2011) established that work-life conflicts cause burnouts that are more related to emotional exhaustion. They also established that it leads to physical health issues like fatigue, poor appetite and high blood pressure, among others. In another research that was carried out by Mkel and Suutari (2011), it was established that increased work-life conflicts increase depression and stress. Even though many researchers argue that there work-life conflict has adverse impacts on employees, Sullivan, Yeo, Roman, Bell Jr, and Sosa (2013) argue that the intensity of these impacts varies with the individuals being subjected. For instance, he establ ished that married people are more affected than those who are single. Psychological Theories relating to Work-life Conflict Based on the interest that this subject has elicited in researchers, several theoretical frameworks that can be used to understand work-life conflict and work-life balance have been suggested. One of these is overall appraisal and components approach (Tyson, 2012). The overall appraisal approach is referred to as a general assessment of an individual’s life situation. It explains work-life balance as a â€Å"satisfaction and good functioning at work and home, with a minimum of role conflict† (Clark, 2000, p751). It also considers work-life balance as the sufficiency of family and work resources to facilitate effective participation on both sides. Though it has helped in understanding work-life conflict of balance, this theoretical approach has been criticised for being too general in addressing this issue without pointing out the specific components of work-life conflict. The components approach, on the other hand, is based on an understanding that work-life conflict oc curs as a result of several facets, which include involvement, satisfaction and time (Grzywacz Marks, 2000). Thus, for there to be a balance, there has to be a balance in time devotion, psychological investment and satisfaction, both at the workplace and at home. How to Prevent Work-life Conflict Based on the theoretical frameworks that have been mentioned above, it can be argued that it is vital to ensure a work-life balance (Clark, 2000). The management has a role to play in this regard in improving the lives of their employees so as to improve the results of the organisations that they work for. One approach that can be used is introducing alternative working arrangements for employees. This may be done through the introduction of flexibility at work, such as the times of arrival and departure, or even occasionally shuffling work schedules for employees (Ford et al., 2007). This reduces the stress caused by boredom and routines that easily culminate in work-related stress, and get into new and positive changes of their new roles at work (Lyonette et al., 2007). There is however a possibility that the initial stages of routine change might reduce employee productivity as employees may need some time to adjust into their new schedules and roles. Organisations can also provide work-life benefits to employees, so as to enable them have ample times with their families and consequently produce better results for the organization as they perform better at work (Inman et al., 2014). Such employer benefit mechanisms may include being given personal days off especially when the employee has been consistent at work for a long time and has achieved greatly for the firm, as an appreciation (Tyson, 2012). It may also include the provision of facilities that would enable persons to carry out their work responsibilities while at the same time having the confidence that their family matters are well taken care of such as the provision of day care facilities in the office, or the creation of a gym at the gym (Yuile et al., 2012). Besides the mechanisms that organisations may lay in order to aid their suffering employees from mental problems brought about by work-life imbalances, employees may themselves also create measures that may enable them create effective work-life balances (Grzywacz Marks, 2000). For instance, employees may create the social support systems or programs that enable colleagues to guide, support and counsel each other. Key policy and legal requirements that employers must consider Employers in all organisations are bound by legal mechanisms and government policies that obligate them to do certain things and sanction them against doing others (Sansà ©au Smith, 2012). For instance, with reference to the Employment Rights Act 1996 c. 18 Part V, employers are legally bound by the fact that they are meant to create conducive atmosphere for their employees as they carry out their duties (Legislation.gov.uk, 1996). All employees have a right to work under surroundings that augur well with their trade of work and they must be protected from physical and emotional harm that may emanate from their duties (Lyness Judiesch, 2014). Another legal binding is the ‘working hour directive’ (Directive  2003/88/EC). Employers are bound by the legal provisions that require working hours to be at a maximum of 48 hours a week, unless employees willingly choose to work for more (European Parliament, 2003). Any employer who requires his employees to work beyond these hours time must provide overtime remuneration. Such working hours must also be understood to include breaks in between them to allow employees to work better (Yuile et al., 2012). This provision was enacted to ensure that workers are able to even out and balance their work and private lives, where more time is left for the workers to spend with their families in order to improve their psychological situations (European Parliament, 2003). There is the holiday entitlement act requires employers in the UK to allow their employees to take a 5.6 week annual leave every year (Gov.uk, 2014). In addition to this, there are also paternity and maternity leaves that employees are entitled to. These leaves allow them to keep off work to rejuvenate their minds (Hill et al 2010). Employers must therefore ensure that such leave is adhered to and consequently the employees are in a better position to improve their work-life conflicts as they spend more time with their families. Certain organisations go to the extent of paying for holiday for their employees, especially their top management employees, during these periods of leave (Mkel Suutari, 2011). Conclusion This paper has addressed several aspects of work-life conflicts at the workplace. These include its causes, consequences and approaches that companies can use in overcoming this challenge. It has also referred to some theoretical frameworks to help in creating an understanding of this subject. As argued in this paper, work-life conflicts have a major impact on the productivity of employees. This conflict is brought about by several factors which include the heavy workloads that individuals may be accustomed to at their homes and workplaces, work to family interferences and family to work interferences. All these affect the physical and mental capacities of employees, affecting their ability to handle their workplace and family responsibilities. In order to avoid these adverse consequences, organisations need to adopt various mechanisms to ensure that there is a work-life balance among employees. Employers are also legally bound to ensure that their employees are not overworked at the expense of their families. References Armstrong, M. (2008). Strategic Human Resource Management: A Guide to Action. London: Kogan Page. Clark, S. (2000). Work/family border theory: a new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53, 747-770. Crush, P. (2011, 6 18). What happened to our work-life-balance. The Guardian . European Parliament. (2003). Directive 2003/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 November 2003 concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time. Retrieved 6 19, 2014, from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32003L0088:EN:HTML Ford, M. T., Heinen, B. A., Langkamer, K. L. (2007). Work and family satisfaction and conflict: a meta-analysis of cross-domain relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92 (1), 57. Gov.uk. (2014). Holidays, time off, sick leave, maternity and paternity leave. Retrieved 6 20, 2014, from https://www.gov.uk/browse/working/time-off Grzywacz, J. G., Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work-family interface: an ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 111-126. Inman, M., OSullivan, ‎N., Murton, ‎A. (2014 ). Unlocking Human Resource Management. New Jersey: Routledge. Lapierre, L. M., Hammer, L. B., Truxillo, D. M., Murphy, L. A. (2012). Family interference with work and workplace cognitive failure: The mitigating role of recovery experiences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81 (2), 227-235. Legislation.gov.uk. (1996). Employment Rights Act 1996. Retrieved 6 20, 2014, from legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/18/part/V Lyness, K. S., Judiesch, M. K. (2014). Gender egalitarianism and work–life balance for managers: Multisource perspectives in 36 countries. Applied Psychology, 63 (1), 96-129. Lyonette, C., Crompton, R., Wall, K. (2007). Gender, Occupational Class and Work–Life Conflict: a Comparison of Britain and Portugal. Community, Work and Family, 10 (3), 283-308. Mkel, L., Suutari, V. (2011). Coping with work†family conflicts in the global career context. Thunderbird International Business Review, 53 (3), 365-375. McNamara, M., Bohle, P., Quinlan, M. (2011). Precarious employment, working hours, work-life conflict and health in hotel work. Applied ergonomics, 42 (2), 225-232. Messersmith, J. (2007). Managing work†life conflict among information technology workers. Human Resource Management, 46 (3), 429-451. Rantanen, J., Kinnunen, U., Mauno, S., Tillemann, K. (2011). Introducing theoretical approaches to work-life balance and testing a new typology among professionals. In Creating Balance? (pp. 27-46). Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A. (2012). Organizational Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Sansà ©au, P. Y., Smith, M. (2012). Regulatory change and work-life integration in France and the UK. Personnel Review, 41 (4), 470-486. Sullivan, M. C., Yeo, H., Roman, S. A., Bell Jr, R. H., Sosa, J. A. (2013). Striving for Work-Life Balance: Effect of Marriage and Children on the Experience of 4402 US General Surgery Residents. Annals of surgery, 257 (3), 571-576. ten Brummelhuis, L. L., Bakker, A. B., Euwema, M. C. (2010). Is family-to-work interference related to co-workers work outcomes? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77 (3), 461-469. Turner, N., Hershcovis, M. S., Reich, T. C., Totterdell, P. (2014). Work–family interference, psychological distress, and workplace injuries. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 3(8), 57-71. Tyson, S. (2012). Essentials of Human Resource Management. Oxford: Routledge. Yuile, C., Chang, A., Gudmundsson, A., Sawang, S. (2012). The role of life friendly policies on employees’ work-life balance. Journal of Management and Organisation, 18 (1), 53-63.

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